Table 1 Comparative patient demographics, medical presentation, hospital, and surgeon characteristics prior to propensity score matching (PSM)a
Parameter | Overall (n = 233,945) | RAC (n = 10,019) | Open (n = 2687) | Laparoscopic (n = 221,239) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age groups, n (%) | ||||
18–44 years | 82,449 (35.0) | 3701 (37.0) | 379 (14.0) | 78,369 (35.0) |
45–64 years | 76,079 (33.0) | 3272 (33.0) | 852 (32.0) | 71,955 (33.0) |
65+ years | 75,417 (32.0) | 3046 (30.0) | 1456 (54.0) | 70,915 (32.0) |
Sex, n (%) | ||||
Female | 143,136 (61.0) | 6172 (62.0) | 1261 (47.0) | 135,703 (61.0) |
Male | 90,809 (39.0) | 3847 (38.0) | 1426 (53.0) | 85,536 (39.0) |
Obesity, n (%) | ||||
BMI < 30, kg/m2 | 4618 (2.0) | 185 (1.8) | 187 (7.0) | 4246 (1.9) |
BMI 30–34, kg/m2 | 17,532 (7.5) | 882 (8.8) | 178 (6.6) | 16,472 (7.5) |
BMI 35–39, kg/m2 | 15,662 (6.7) | 786 (7.8) | 138 (5.1) | 14,738 (6.7) |
BMI ≥ 40, kg/m2 | 22,014 (9.4) | 1166 (12.0) | 243 (9.0) | 20,605 (9.3) |
BMI unknown | 174,119 (74.0) | 7000 (70.0) | 1941 (72.0) | 165,178 (75.0) |
Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
Hispanic or Latino | 37,231 (16.0) | 1960 (20.0) | 282 (10.0) | 34,989 (16.0) |
Not Hispanic or Latino | 152,365 (65.0) | 6311 (63.0) | 1945 (72.0) | 144,109 (65.0) |
Unknown | 44,349 (19.0) | 1748 (17.0) | 460 (17.0) | 42,141 (19.0) |
Race, n (%) | ||||
Caucasian | 169,904 (73.0) | 7354 (73.0) | 1988 (74.0) | 160,552 (73.0) |
Black | 22,393 (9.6) | 889 (8.9) | 277 (10.0) | 21,227 (9.6) |
Other | 27,186 (12.0) | 1263 (13.0) | 255 (9.5) | 25,668 (12.0) |
Unknown | 14,462 (6.2) | 513 (5.1) | 157 (5.8) | 13,792 (6.2) |
Primary diagnosis category, n (%) | ||||
Gangrene and perforation | 107 (< 0.1) | 8 (< 0.1) | 2 (< 0.1) | 97 (< 0.1) |
CBD stones and disease | 41,358 (18.0) | 1719 (17.0) | 403 (15.0) | 39,236 (18.0) |
Cholecystitis w/o CBD stones | 152,139 (65.0) | 6484 (65.0) | 1363 (51.0) | 144,292 (65.0) |
Biliary pancreatitis | 21,161 (9.0) | 1007 (10.0) | 129 (4.8) | 20,025 (9.1) |
Bacteremia/sepsis | 19,180 (8.2) | 801 (8.0) | 790 (29.0) | 17,589 (8.0) |
Charlson Comorbidity Score, n (%) | ||||
CCI = 0 | 127,394 (54.0) | 5184 (52.0) | 955 (36.0) | 121,255 (55.0) |
CCI = 1 | 56,902 (24.0) | 2605 (26.0) | 624 (23.0) | 53,673 (24.0) |
CCI ≥ 2 | 49,649 (21.0) | 2330 (22.0) | 1108 (41.0) | 46,311 (21.0) |
Census region, n (%) | ||||
Midwest | 43,094 (18.0) | 1524 (15.0) | 488 (18.0) | 41,082 (19.0) |
Northeast | 34,507 (15.0) | 467 (6.0) | 504 (19.0) | 33,436 (15.0) |
South | 106,318 (45.0) | 5296 (53.0) | 1252 (47.0) | 9970 (45.0) |
West | 50,026 (21.0) | 2632 (26.0) | 443 (16.0) | 46,951 (21.0) |
Admission year, n (%) | ||||
2017 | 62,112 (27.0) | 1663 (17.0) | 814 (30.0) | 59,635 (27.5) |
2018 | 62,018 (27.0) | 1938 (19.0) | 716 (27.0) | 59,364 (27.0) |
2019 | 61,540 (26.0) | 2718 (27.0) | 655 (24.0) | 58,167 (26.0) |
2020 | 48,275 (21.0) | 3700 (37.0) | 502 (19.0) | 44,073 (20.0) |
Admission type, n (%) | ||||
Inpatient | 200,582 (86.0) | 8288 (83.0) | 2659 (99.0) | 189,635 (86.0) |
Outpatient | 7424 (3.2) | 534 (5.3) | 4 (0.1) | 6886 (3.1) |
Outpatient observation < 24 h | 25,939 (11.0) | 1197 (12.0) | 24 (0.9) | 24,718 (11.0) |
Hospital size, n (%) | ||||
0–199 beds | 54,166 (23.0) | 2058 (21.0) | 547 (20.0) | 51,561 (23.0) |
200–299 beds | 44,121 (19.0) | 2795 (28.0) | 400 (15.0) | 40,926 (18.0) |
300–399 beds | 40,393 (17.0) | 1626 (16.0) | 521 (19.0) | 38,246 (17.0) |
400–499 beds | 27,816 (12.0) | 1009 (10.0) | 312 (12.0) | 26,495 (12.0) |
500+ beds | 67,449 (29.0) | 2531 (25.0) | 907 (34.0) | 64,011 (29.0) |
Physician specialty, n (%) | ||||
General and colorectal surgery | 222,103 (95.0) | 9679 (96.6) | 2480 (92.3) | 209,944 (95.0) |
Trauma and critical care surgery | 11,842 (5.1) | 340 (3.4) | 207 (7.7) | 11,295 (5.0) |
Cholecystectomy volume 1 year prior to index surgery, n (%) | ||||
High volume groupb | 78,559 (34.0) | 4156 (41.0) | 727 (27.0) | 73,676 (33.0) |
Medium volume groupc | 86,947 (37.0) | 3765 (38.0) | 1074 (40.0) | 82,108 (37.0) |
Low volume groupd | 68,439 (29.0) | 2098 (21.0) | 886 (33.0) | 65,455 (30.0) |