Table 2 Robotic-assisted and laparoscopic cholecystectomy outcomes and 30-day post-surgery following post-propensity score matching (PSM)
Parameter | RAC (n = 9996) | Laparoscopic (n = 9996) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Index hospitalization outcomes | |||
Intraoperative complications, n (%) | 27 (0.3) | 26 (0.3) | 0.88 |
Postoperative complications, n (%) | 1158 (12.0) | 1074 (11.0) | 0.06 |
Gastrointestinal and digestive complications, n (%) | |||
Bile duct injury | 21 (0.2) | 16 (0.2) | 0.42 |
Retained gallstone | 2 (< 0.1) | 7 (< 0.1) | 0.23 |
Intestinal obstruction | 186 (1.9) | 171 (1.7) | 0.46 |
Gastrointestinal ulcer | 11 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) | 0.74 |
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 26 (0.3) | 26 (0.3) | > 0.99 |
Wound infection/complications, n (%) | |||
Surgical site infection | 16 (0.2) | 18 (0.2) | 0.77 |
Hemorrhage/hematoma/seroma | 14 (0.1) | 22 (0.2) | 0.27 |
Wound disruption/dehiscence | 108 (1.1) | 120 (1.3) | 0.48 |
Drainage of intraperitoneal abscess | 13 (0.1) | 5 (< 0.2) | 0.07 |
Blood transfusion, n (%) | 197 (2.0) | 199 (2.0) | > 0.99 |
Conversion, n (%) | 190 (1.9) | 317 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary complications, n (%) | 350 (3.5) | 300 (3.0) | 0.05 |
Cardiovascular complications, n (%) | 106 (1.1) | 88 (0.9) | 0.20 |
Hospital length of stay, d | < 0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 3.6 (3.6) | 3.4 (3.7) | |
Median (IQR) | 3 (1, 4) | 3 (1, 4) | |
Operating room time, min | < 0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 128.4 (58.5) | 110.7 (49.4) | |
Median (IQR) | 120 (90,150) | 96 (75,128) | |
30-day postoperative outcomes | |||
Sepsis/septic shock, n (%) | 456 (4.6) | 400 (4.0) | 0.05 |
Gastrointestinal and digestive complications, n (%) | |||
Bile duct injury | 36 (0.4) | 30 (0.3) | 0.55 |
Retained gallstone | 4 (< 0.1) | 9 (< 0.1) | 0.22 |
Intestinal obstruction | 198 (2.0) | 182 (2.0) | 0.42 |
Gastrointestinal ulcer | 26 (0.3) | 15 (0.2) | 0.09 |
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 48 (0.5) | 48 (0.5) | > 0.99 |
Wound/infection complications, n (%) | |||
Surgical site infection | 81 (0.8) | 78 (0.8) | 0.83 |
Hemorrhage/hematoma/seroma | 32 (0.3) | 43 (0.4) | 0.23 |
Wound disruption/dehiscence | 145 (1.5) | 160 (1.6) | 0.39 |
Drainage of intraperitoneal abscess | 13 (0.1) | 5 (< 0.1) | 0.07 |
Pulmonary complications, n (%) | 407 (4.1) | 361 (3.6) | 0.09 |
Cardiovascular complications, n (%) | 174 (1.7) | 167 (1.7) | 0.70 |
30-day readmission, n (%)a | 545 (5.5) | 484 (4.8) | 0.05 |
30-day reoperation, n (%)b | 101 (1.9) | 93 (0.9) | 0.60 |
Mortality, n (%) | 54 (0.5) | 42 (0.4) | 0.20 |