Table 3 Robotic-assisted and open cholecystectomy outcomes and 30-day post-surgery following post-propensity score matching (PSM)
Parameter | RAC (n = 2054) | Open (n = 2054) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Index hospitalization outcomes | |||
Intraoperative complications, n (%) | 13 (0.6) | 24 (1.2) | 0.07 |
Postoperative complications, n (%) | 386 (19.0) | 652 (32.0) | < 0.001 |
Sepsis, n (%) | 172 (8.4) | 218 (11.0) | 0.02 |
Gastrointestinal and digestive complications, n (%) | |||
Bile duct injury | 6 (0.3) | 5 (0.2) | 0.88 |
Retained gallstone | 0 (0.0) | 1 (< 0.1) | > 0.99 |
Intestinal obstruction | 71 (3.5) | 155 (7.5) | < 0.001 |
Gastrointestinal ulcer | 3 (0.1) | 13 (0.6) | 0.03 |
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 8 (0.4) | 14 (0.7) | 0.22 |
Wound infection/complications, n (%) | |||
Surgical site infection | 5 (0.2) | 18 (0.9) | 0.01 |
Hemorrhage/hematoma/seroma | 7 (0.3) | 15 (0.7) | 0.09 |
Wound disruption/dehiscence | 23 (1.1) | 59 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
Drainage of intraperitoneal abscess | 8 (0.4) | 51 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
Blood transfusion, n (%) | 88 (4.3) | 252 (12.0) | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary complications, n (%) | 133 (6.5) | 318 (16.0) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular complications, n (%) | 34 (1.7) | 96 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
Hospital length of stay, d | < 0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 5.0 (4.8) | 8.0 (7.2) | |
Median (IQR) | 4 (2, 6) | 6 (4, 10) | |
Operating room time, min | < 0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 142.8 (65.8) | 161.6 (70.4) | |
Median (IQR) | 150 (115, 195) | 120 (93, 180) | |
30-day postoperative outcomes | |||
Sepsis, n (%) | 198 (9.6) | 261 (13.0) | 0.01 |
Gastrointestinal and digestive complications, n (%) | |||
Bile duct injury | 10 (0.5) | 15 (0.7) | 0.32 |
Retained gallstone | 1 (< 0.1) | 1 (< 0.1) | > 0.99 |
Intestinal obstruction | 74 (3.6) | 170 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
Gastrointestinal ulcer | 7 (0.3) | 16 (0.8) | 0.07 |
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 14 (0.7) | 20 (1.0) | 0.30 |
Wound infection/complications, n (%) | |||
Surgical site infection | 18 (0.9) | 55 (2.7) | < 0.001 |
Hemorrhage/hematoma/seroma | 13 (0.6) | 32 (1.6) | 0.01 |
Wound disruption/dehiscence | 40 (1.9) | 104 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
Drainage of intraperitoneal abscess | 8 (0.4) | 52 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary complications, n (%) | 147 (7.2) | 331 (16.0) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular complications, n (%) | 63 (3.1) | 121 (5.9) | < 0.001 |
30-day readmission, n (%)a | 166 (8.1) | 212 (10.3) | 0.01 |
30-day reoperation, n (%)b | 37 (1.8) | 45 (2.2) | 0.41 |
Mortality, n (%) | 27 (1.3) | 73 (3.8) | < 0.001 |